Multistep Synthesis of Benzilic Acid - 2109 Words

Multi-Step Synthesis of Benzilic Acid from Benzoin Abstract: The main purpose of this experiment was to convert a secondary alcohol to a ketone, utilizing a mild and selective oxidizing agent. In addition, this converted alpha diketone was then subjected to rearrangement to a carboxylate salt, then acidification, to produce an alpha-hydroxyacid. In this experiment, benzoin was used and converted into benzil, which was then used to synthesize benzillic acid. The yields were not ideal: .081g of benzil- a 27.5% yield; .038g of benzilic acid- a 34.97% yield. The matching melting points and IR readings, however, confirmed a high degree of purity for each compound: 95.6 °C for benzil, and 104.5 °C for benzilic acid, meager .632% and .333%†¦show more content†¦Once the final solid product was obtained in both reactions the melting point procedure was used to determine the level of remaining impurity of the final product, comparing the experimental and expected values found in literature. In conjunction with the melting point procedure, infrared spectroscopy was used to reveal the different functional groups of the products. In other words, the IR machine indicates whether our final product matches up with the desired one, matching carbonyl and alcohol absorption peaks (or the lack thereof) to their theoretical presence (either benzil or benzillic acid). Procedure: 1.5ml of nitric acid was added to .30g of benzoin in a conical vial with a stir vane. The mixture was then heated in a 70 degree Celsius water bath, while stirred, for one hour. The mixture in the conical vial was then cooled to room temperature and, using a pipette, the solution was transferred to a beaker containing 4ml of ice water. The mixture slowly crystallized in the beaker and the crystallized product was filtered on a hirsch funnel with vacuum. 5 ml of cold water was used to wash the product and then the product was allowed to dry. The solid product was then collected from the funnel and added to a hot 95% ethanol solution in an Erlenmeyer flask and completely dissolved. Once the solid was dissolved completely, the solution was allowed to cool to room temperature. Once yellow crystals formed, the solution was placed intoShow MoreRelatedEssay on Multistep Synthesis of Benzilic Acid2070 Words   |  9 Pagesobjective of the experiment was to prepare Benzilic acid by multistep synthesis starting with benzaldehyde. In this setup however, product of the first step, Benzoin, is provided thereby omitting the first step involving the conversion of benzaldehyde. For this experiment, the microscale techniques of reflux, crystallization, and melting-point determination were used. Utilizing these techniques a product yield of 93% for benzil and 57% for Benzilic acid was obtained, as well as a melting point rangeRead MoreEssay about Synthesis of Benzilic Acid1107 Words   |  5 PagesSynthesis of benzilic acid from benzoi n utilizing a multi-step reaction. Names: Arian Karim TA Name: Sayantan Das Lab Day amp; Time: Thursday 7:30-11:40 Lab Section #: Abstract The main purpose of this experiment was to synthesize benzilic acid from benzoin. This requires a multistep synthesis with benzyl as an intermediate product. The first step required HNO3 as an oxidizing agent and the second step required KOH and HCl. The percentage yields of benzil and benzilic acid were 59.5%

Mirna Profile Of Cancer Essay - 1062 Words

1.12 Aim of the study A very promising approach for understanding the involvement of a certain miRNA in the process of a disease such as cancer, is to assess the miRNA expression profile of cancer patients, and to compare with their normal counterpart is a very promising approach for understanding the involvement of a certain miRNA in a disease of interest. This may lead to the discovery of a novel prognostic or diagnostic biomarker. Although, it is believed that miRNA profile from extracted total cellular RNA is an actual indicator of RISC complex-associated miRNA, due to quick degradation of non-guide miRNA, this hypothesis was challenged by the Cullen group, when they compared the miRNA profile of the total cellular miRNAs with the†¦show more content†¦U2932 EBV positive clone A: a U2932, infected with EBV-GFP and not expressing EBNA2 [92]. SUDHL5: a B-cell line, derived from a lymph node of a 17-year-old woman with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) and has characteristic of GCB-DLBCL. SUDH5 EBV positive: SUDH5 cell line, infected with EBV-GFP, obtained from University of Rome. 1.12.2 RNA related techniques 1.12.2.1 RNA isolation Suspension cells (5 to 10 ml) were harvested by centrifugation at 500 x g for 5 minutes at room temperature (RT). 700 ÃŽ ¼l of Qiazol (Qiagen) was added to the pellet and incubated for 5 min at RT. Afterwards, 125 ÃŽ ¼l of chloroform was added to the sample and vortexed for 15 sec, and subsequently was again incubated for 10 min at RT. Then, the sample was centrifuged at 12000 xg for 15 min at 4 â„Æ' and the upper phase was transferred to a new 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tubes and 500 ÃŽ ¼l of isopropanol was added to the tube and incubated on ice for 15 min, followed by centrifugation at 12000 xg for 30 min in 4 â„Æ' . After that, the pellet was air dried at RT for 15 min and dissolved in 50 ÃŽ ¼l of RNase free H2O and RNA was dissolved by incubation at 55 â„Æ' for 15 min. RNA isolation for sequencing, qRT –PCR and Ago2-IP for NB was performed, using miRNeasy Mini kit, from Qiagen, according to manufacturer’s instructions, as described in the handbook forShow MoreRelatedThe Sequence Of Target Messenger Rna1604 Words   |  7 PagesMicroRNAs (miRNA) are small noncoding RNA, usually 17-25 nucleotides long that are able to bind complementary sequences of target messenger RNA (mRNA) and to induce both their degradation and translational repression (Fortunato, et al 2014). They are one of the most significant classes of non-coding RNA molecules (eg. small interfering RNA (siRNA) and ribozymes) that act within the cell. MiRNAs are also evolutionary conserved in different species from plants to humans and are encoded by their respectiveRead MoreBiology : Cell Biology, Normal Function1358 Words   |  6 PagesPM331 Essay: Exosomes, their cell biology, normal function in the cell, and role in disease. Study of exosomes has become popular in recent years, exosomes which are mainly found in body fluids such as blood and urine may play a role in cell biology and in the immune system. In eukaryotes, some cells are responsible for receiving signals via chemokines or cytokines, taking up nutrients and secreting proteins into extracellular space, endocytosis and exocytosis are then involved. Exosomes Biology:

Illiteracy Rate in America Free Essays

Although the United States is the most powerful country in the world, with its high economy rate and â€Å"dot comers† at its highest peak ever, it is unfortunately, sad to say that the elevating illiteracy rate is also at its highest peak also. Even though the U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Illiteracy Rate in America or any similar topic only for you Order Now has the lowest rate among the other world countries, illiteracy still is a problem today that many U. S. citizens struggle with. A generalization of illiteracy is not being able to functionally read or write and â€Å"is essentially associated with poverty†(National Institute of Literacy p94) Whereas the definition of illiteracy stated by Webster (p413) is being unable to read and write; uneducated; having or showing a lack of knowledge of fundamentals on a particular subject. No one is capable of looking at another person and realizing that they are functionally illiterate, because illiterate people make it difficult to detect because they are so good at covering it. The literate public does not realize the size of the literacy problem today. They think everyone is literate, but more than 40 million Americans 16 years of age and older have only basic reading and writing skills, according to the U. S. department of education. WWW. galegroup. com Customarily, citizens apt to looking down upon those who are not functionally literate and who were deprived of the education that those who aren†t illiterate were taught These people are illiterate because they never had the opportunity to learn, or when they had the opportunity, they lacked the motivation to learn. There are many problems that an illiterate person will face when trying to live a normal day-to-day life, because they had a lack of motivation, which makes it very hard for an illiterate person to get around or even survive. Because of this, many help tactics have been underway so that they may have assistance in getting important things done. Despite the dispossession of not being able to functionally read and write, there are various problems that an individual, and that individuals† family are faced with. Such types of problems are not being able to make out a grocery, fill out important documents, such as health care information to better facilitate them and their family, and not being able to apply for a well-positioned job because they are unable to comprehend what the application is asking. These problems are like a domino effect amongst illiterate persons. Once one problem is dealt with another one appears to happen very shortly afterward. Take for example an illiterate mother who has two young children who have not been educated how to read nor write yet. This mother has a low-income job, because of lack of reading proficiency skills, which makes her have a very tight budget for her single family home. On a regular trip to the grocery store this mother would first have to ration her money out so that she would still have money for miscellaneous things. She would only be able to rely on pictures and normally bought things. While at the checkout line this mother would not be able to count her money alone, because she is â€Å"functionally illiterate†, so she would definitely be in need of assistance. Major companies and businesses have realized the illiteracy rate increase and have taken action to try and remedy the problem. There are many ways in which these places have tried to assist in helping these illiterate persons. When illiterate persons enter a social work office, in need of some sort of care â€Å"they mainly recognize there names and that†s about it† says Peggy McEldon, of Dinnwiddie Department of Social Services. She also goes on to say that â€Å"often times people come in with their forms already filled out and completed all they have to do is put the information in the system. sometimes for some support they will bring a relative or an authorized person to speak or sign papers for them, if someone can†t read or write they can sign with an â€Å"X†. (Peggy McEldon) Most importantly whatever help that is needed they are entitled to do whatever is possible to reach their need. In another situation at the local Department of Motor Vehicles, such assistance to an illiterate person trying for a drivers† license is instead of a computer test given, an oral test would be given, to ask questions as to where they stand. most people who come in with needs of assistance is young people†(Linda Hall, Front Hall Desk). In the most multicultural nation in the world, it is not uncommon to come across illiterate persons in your day-to-day life. In the 3rd world countries the crisis of illiteracy has usually been demoted. More and more however, literacy is threatening the continual development of highly industrialized nations. Though there are many sources that illiterate persons can go to to get help and assistance, illiterate persons will still not be able to survive very long with knowing little knowledge. Although it seems as though their will never be a halt in the growth of illiteracy, we find that most people will hold educators accountable for the lack of literate people that walk the face of this earth, even though it†s the illiterate people who lack in the skills needed to perform his or her purpose. Consequently as the standards increase, population grows, and the educational system falters, illiteracy will continue to be one of America†s worst problems; and the number of illiterate people will continue to rise. How to cite Illiteracy Rate in America, Papers

Dorian Greys Reaction to the Change in the Painting free essay sample

â€Å"The Picture of Dorian Grey† by Oscar Wilde, Dorian has a profound reaction each time he views the change in the painting, and he reacts with a self-pitying, vain attitude. Vanity haunts Dorian, and he cares only about how this change in the painting will affect himself and his outer beauty only. At first, Dorian worries about how his treatment of Sibyl Vane will affect the painting. He cares not about the cruel acts he committed, but rather dwells on how it will taint or tarnish the beauty of his portrait. (â€Å"A sense of infinite pity, not for himself, but for the painted image of himself, came over him. It had altered already, and would alter more. Its gold would wither into grey. Its red and white roses would die. For every sin that he committed, a stain would fleck and wreck its fairness. But he would not sin. † Chapter 7) The change Dorian views on his painting does not make him regret his cruel treatment of Sibyl, or pity the girl. We will write a custom essay sample on Dorian Greys Reaction to the Change in the Painting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On the contrary, he pities the painted portrait of himself. His vanity consumes him, and he becomes obsessed with the notion that the painting will soon lose its beauty if he would continue to commit sins. He then decides to change his ways, and no longer sin. He vows to return to Sibyl and rekindle their love. However, he vows to do so in vanity, rather than to become a better man. His unwillingness to watch the exquisite portrait succumb to degradation is the only reason behind his decision to return to Sibyl, which he considers the honorable action to take. He is scared that the painting and his soul would be destroyed if he does not do so, and therefore, in a vain effort to save their beauty, promises to make amends. However, upon waking up the next morning and viewing the painting, he becomes very worried that his actions had indeed been cruel. He reacts to this realization by writing a letter to Sibyl. (â€Å"Finally, he went over to the table and wrote a passionate letter to the girl he had loved, imploring her forgiveness and accusing himself of madness There is a luxury in self-reproach. When we blame ourselves, we feel that no one else has a right to blame us. It is the confession, not the priest, that gives us absolution. When Dorian had finished the letter, he felt that he had been forgiven. Chapter 8) Dorian writes this letter not to take accountability for his actions, but rather to comfort himself. He is not necessarily doing this for the sake of comforting Sibyl, but rather for the sake of comforting himself. He believes all blame for his cruelty has been lifted from his shoulders by committing an act of self reproach, and confessing his cruelty. He believes he is forgiven for his a ctions, by writing a mere letter. He did so in concern of himself, not Sibyl. He then claims (â€Å"I am perfectly happy now I want to be good. I can’t bear the idea of my soul being hideous† Chapter 8) He feels completely satisfied and happy upon writing the letter after viewing the change in the painting, despite not knowing whether or not he is forgiven for his actions; he thinks only of himself. He then claims he has noble, good-hearted intentions after writing the letter, as he is too vain to bear any part of him being deemed ugly. He writes the letter to assure himself his soul is not tainted. However, upon receiving news of Sibyl’s suicide, and speaking with Lord Henry, his reaction to the change in the painting alters, and he no longer views the change in a bad light. â€Å"If the picture was to alter, it was to alter. That was all. Why inquire too closely into it? What did it matter what happened to the coloured image on the canvas? He would be safe. That was everything. † Chapter 8) Lord Henry convinces Dorian that Sibyl’s suicide was a remarkable feat he wishes he could himself have accomplished. Dorian falls captive to his words, and deems the events a â€Å"marvelous experience†, and wishes an experience as marvelous should come again. Henry assures him such an event will come, for as long as Dorian’s beauty is retained. Thus, the change in Dorian’s paradigm occurs, as he realizes his beauty will be retained, for as long as the portrait will change. He disregards his past reactions to the change: of worry for the portrait’s beauty, or regret for his cruelty against Sibyl, and his vanity consumes him; he believes he is safe, for as long as his outer beauty is maintained. The change in the painting was proof that he will remain young and beautiful while the painting loses its youth and beauty, and this now pleases him. Dorian has many different reactions to the change in the painting, however, all display his newly obtained vain and selfish attitude; his reaction is a demonstration of his corruption at the hands of Lord Henry, and the fall of his character. In the novel, â€Å"The Picture of Dorian Grey† by Oscar Wilde, Dorian feels an onslaught of emotions during Sibyl Vane’s performance, all of which result in a loss of passion for Sibyl Vane and a profound change in his character. When watching an awkward performance, typical viewers would not have such a reaction but simply think themselves un-entertained. However, Dorian is not a typical viewer but Sibyl’s fiancee, and very much in love with her artistic ability as well; the unconvincing performance leads to an onrush of feelings for Dorian. This star struck lover’s initial response to Sibyl’s performance is confusion. (â€Å"The voice was exquisite, but from the point of view of tone it was absolutely false. It was wrong in colour. It took away all the life from the verse. It made the passion unreal. He was puzzled and anxious. † Chapter 7) Dorian has a passion for art and luxury; overall, the beauty of objects. The central reason he falls in love with Sibyl is her ability to perform on stage. He was captured by her ability to immerse herself in a role, regardless of the play. Therefore, he has an inability to process the change in her acting, and it is hard for him to believe that such a talented actress could ‘fail’ him by performing so badly. After the disappointing first act, he still waits to see the second, as if he still expects her to make a comeback. He is consumed by Sibyl’s ability to immerse herself into a role and is unable to come to the realization of her poor performance. Dorian’s secondary reaction to the performance is disappointment. His disappointment leads him to lose all and any love or passion he once had for her; a passion which he boasted about. (â€Å" ‘My God, Harry, how I worship her! ’ Hectic spots of red burned on his cheeks. He was terribly excited. † Chapter 4) Dorian’s outwardly display of his love showed the passion he once had for the woman and her talent. His cheeks once burned with passion and excitement for Sibyl Vane. This plays as a contrast to his reaction when watching the play. (â€Å"Dorian grew pale as he watched her†¦They were horribly disappointed. † Chapter 7) This incident changes the tone and surfaces Dorian’s dying love. While once his cheeks burned a bright red with his love, they have now lost all colour and have gone pale. He once spoke very highly of Sibyl to both Basil and Lord Henry, and her mediocre performance also undermined his past statements; he continuously boasted about how Sibyl’s ability to perform despite Henry’s doubts, and she failed to live up to his past remarks. These two reactions lead to a profound change in Dorian;s character. Dorian’s realization that his love was not for Sibyl Vane, but rather for her acting and artistic talent, reveals his romantic vanity and his valuation of artistic beauty above all else. After the show, Dorian goes to Sibyl, not with the intent to woo her like his previous visits but rather to treat her as beneath him as opposed to a beloved equal, due to her ‘failure’. (â€Å"She rose from her knees, and with a piteous expression of pain in her face, came across the room to him. She put her hand upon his arm and looked into his eyes. He thrust her back. ‘Don’t touch me! ’ he cried. † Chapter 7) He is heavily influenced by the opinions of Lord Henry when he uses cruel words to power his cold attitude towards Sibyl as he breaks all ties he once had with her. His words are not like those of a man speaking to his past love but rather of an impatient man speaking to a less than efficient servant. He acts very cruel towards Sibyl, and believes he has a right to do so due to Sibyl’s performance. He believes that she has completely failed him, and this grants him a superiority over the woman; this is a perception he gained from Lord Henry’s infiltration of his mind. Dorian does not see the fault in his behavior and believes he has a right and reason to treat Sibyl as below him, without a single thought given to Sibyl’s perspective on the situation. Dorian’s insensitive and heartless dismissal of Sibyl is a clear demonstration of the growing corruption of his character. Dorian’s reaction to Sibyl’s bland performance shows his character developing into a colder, crueler individual. He raves on about his love for her and her talent to an end, but as soon as her talent is gone, his love fades just as swiftly. The plethora of emotions that overcome Dorian and ultimately lead to his rejection of Sibyl Vane after just one displeasing performance is evidence of the change in his morals, and therefore, the fall in his character.

The N Word free essay sample

The â€Å"N† Word It is probably the hurtful racial word ever created. It is a word known primarily as a means to degrade African Americans. The word packs such power to represent overt racial hatred; most people regardless of race will not even say it. In the dictionary the word nigger means, usually offensive, a member of any dark-skinned race and ignorant. The n word is word used to cause pain to African American people it is used to offend us so use it. It is a degrading word; a word that whit people used to as they use to say put us in our place. So why do we think it is ok to us it as a term of endearment. It was used as a word that brought our ancestors so much pain so why do we feel it ok to use it when they fought so hard to end the use of the word against them. We will write a custom essay sample on The N Word or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The NAACP had a funeral for the N as a way to put an end of use of the word, as a way to show the world that the word had no more meaning or pain when used as a put down, but the world still uses the word. Some people don’t even know the meaning of the word but still use it thinking its cool or the thing to do. Since the meaning of the word changed in the African American community people think its ok to use if you change the ending of the word from â€Å"er† to an â€Å"a† it is still the same word and in turn has the same meaning and should still not be used. Most people do not even know what the word means. t a word that brings pain to African American people and remind us that we are inferior and beneath white people. And we use it as a term of love, endearment. Changing the meaning dose not erase the pain it caused to our ancestors. The word should not be used especially by African American people in college because being in college shows that you are educated to get this far and the word means you are ignorant not educated, and in turn degrading yourself . The N word free essay sample The word Niger should not be used by anyone regardless of the circumstances. Niger comes from the Latin word Niger meaning black. Niger was used derogatory term used to refer to black slaves during colonial times. It represents generations of endured racism and oppression. The word was used to make a mockery of black people. Whether [Niger is] used as a noun, verb, or adjective, it strengthened the stereotype of the lazy, stupid, dirty, worthless nobody, (Niger, a brief history). The use of the word Niger strips away the individuality of a person.Niger is evident in IP hop music, the civil rights movement, pop culture, and is now used as a term of endearment. The genre of hip hop music Inspires use of the generalizing term Niger. HIP hop music allows the term Niger to be a normal thing to say. When Niger is used in a song it gives people of every race an excuse to use it. We will write a custom essay sample on The N word or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Certain words from song only can end up in a persons vocabulary. In the song Real Enigma Roll Call by Oil Jon and The East Side Boozy, the variation of the word Niger is used over 95 times. After hearing Niger over 95 times In one song, the word Is going to stick.Rappers should take responsibility for music they put out In the music Industry. Rappers could be more positive and help a lot more people out. An opposing argument is that Hip hop started in the late sasss, and it was a form of expression for blacks and it empowered them. Hip hop was all about individuality among blacks. Deceased rapper Outpace Shaker influenced many people going through struggles when he spoke about being grateful for what one has In his song Keep Hay Head up: Ahoy, I remember Marvin Gage, used to sing TA me He had me feeling like black was that thing to beAnd suddenly that ghetto didnt seem so tough And though we had it rough, we always had enough The problem with this argument Is that hip hop music Isnt Like that anymore, nowadays hip hop puts more emphasis on partying, drugs, and sex. Hip hop music encourages the use of the word Niger. The people of the Civil Rights Movement fought very hard against the generic term Niger. Dry. Martin Luther King Jar. Was all about fighting love with hate. He died fighting for the equality of his kind, and yet a few decades later those same people are using a malicious racial slur among themselves.This situation should not be what he died fighting for. Martin Luther King wrote in his Letter From Birmingham Jail When your first name becomes Niger, your middle name becomes boy. This quote shows what King thought about the use of Niger, shows how the term really generalizes people. His argument here is that if you call someone a Niger he might as well have no name. The word rugged has become a term of endearment, and people use It from racists by changing it from Niger to enigma. Enigma is supposed to mean friend. The word was supposedly reinvented and meant something entirely different.People ere Just conforming with each other and lost their way when they came up with this. Then blacks took pride in being insignias, a variation of a word they Just spent generations fighting. Niger oppressed black people for hundreds of years, people died fighting against that slur, Just because an A was added at the end, and all of a sudden its k. The word Niger takes away the individuality of a person. Niger was used as a mockery of black people. During the Civil Rights Movement the word was fought against. Hip hop music started off with great messages, but now songs use the word Niger excessively. The N word free essay sample The word Niger should not be used by anyone regardless of the circumstances. Niger comes from the Latin word Niger meaning black. Niger was used derogatory term used to refer to black slaves during colonial times. It represents generations of endured racism and oppression. The word was used to make a mockery of black people. Whether [Niger Is] used as a noun, verb, or adjective, It strengthened the stereotype of the lazy, stupid, dirty, worthless nobody, (N Egger, a brief history). The use of the word Niger strips away the individuality of a person. Niger is evident in IP hop music, the civil rights movement, pop culture, and is now used as a term of endearment. The genre of hip hop music inspires use of the generalizing term Niger. Hip hop music allows the term Niger to be a normal thing to say. When Niger is used in a song it gives people of every race an excuse to use it. We will write a custom essay sample on The N word or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Certain words from song only can end up in a persons vocabulary. In the song Real Amiga Roll Call by Ill Jon and The East Side Boozy, the variation of the word Niger Is used over 95 times. After hearing Niger over 95 times in one song, the word Is going to stick. Rappers should cake responsibility for music they put out In the music Industry. Rappers could be more positive and help a lot more people out. An opposing argument Is that HIP hop started In the late 19005 and It was a form of expression for blacks and it empowered them. Hip hop was all about individuality among blacks. Deceased rapper Outpace Shaker influenced many people going through struggles when he spoke about being grateful for what one has in his song Keep Way Head up: Ahoy, I remember Marvin Gay, used to sing TA me He had me feeling like blacks that thing to be And suddenly that ghetto didnt seem so tough And though we had It rough, we always had enough The problem with this argument is that hip hop music isnt like that anymore, nowadays hip hop puts more emphasis on partying, drugs, and sex. Hip hop music encourages the use of the word nighÐ’Â «. The people of the Civil Rights Movement fought very hard against the generic term Niger. DRP. Martin Luther King Jar. Was all about fighting love with hate. He died fighting for the equality of his kind, and yet a few decades later those same people are using a malicious racial slur among themselves. This situation should not be hat he died fighting for. Martin Luther King wrote in his Letter From Birmingham Jail When your first name becomes Niger, your middle name becomes boy. This quote shows what King thought about the use of enlarger, shows how the term really generalizes people. HIS argument here Is that If you call someone a Niger he might as well have no name. The word Niger has become a term of endearment, and people use it from racists by changing it from Niger to Amiga. Amiga is supposed to mean friend. The word was supposedly reinvented and meant something entirely different. People ere Just conforming with each other and lost their way when they came up with this. Then blacks took pride in being insignias, a variation of a word they Just spent generations fighting. Niger oppressed black people for hundreds of years, people died fighting against that slur, Just because an A was added at the end, and all of a sudden its k. The word Niger takes away the individuality of a person. Niger was used as a mockery of black people. During the Civil Rights Movement the word was fought against. Hip hop music started off with great messages, but now songs use the word Niger excessively. Lastly, Niger has supposedly become a term of endearment.

Decentralization and Technology essays

Decentralization and Technology essays I am going to discuss how transportation has caused the decentralization of cities and what the social consequences have been. First the definition of decentralization is to bring about the redistribution of urban population and industry to suburban areas. Decentralization can be viewed as a direct result of increases in transportation. Transportation includes cars, buses, trains or any other types of mass transit. And with that you get the need for subway systems, highway systems, and rail systems. A Metropolis is defined as a large city or urbanized area, including adjacent suburbs and towns. Our current metropolitan areas have been created by the invention of mass transit, automobiles and also the federal funding for interstate highways. The history of mass transportation is intimately connected to industrialization, urbanization, and the separation of residence from workplace. By the beginning of the 20th cent., London, New York, Boston, Paris, Budapest, and other major cities had fixed-rail subway systems by the 1920s buses were being used. In the 1920s the Bureau of Public Roads was authorized by the Federal Highway Act of 1921 to provide funding to help state highway agencies construct a paved system of two-lane interstate highways. During the 1930s, BPR helped state and local governments create Depression-era road projects that would employ as many workers as possible. When America entered World War II in 1941, the focus turned toward providing roads that the military needed. After the war, the nation's roads were in disrepair, and congestion had become a problem in major cities. In 1944, President Franklin D. Roosevelt had signed legislation authorizing a network of rural and urban express highways called the "National System of Interstate Highways." And this turned into the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956. From the start, the Interstate System was hailed as the "Greatest Public Works Project in History"...

A Look at the Wide Variety of Job Prospects in the U.S

A Look at the Wide Variety of Job Prospects in the U.S Career Research America offers many opportunities; students have the option to choose what career they want to pursue. As a senior, I must research and choose what career I feel is right for me. There are so many career choices, but I feel that the best career for me to work towards is a registered nurse. A registered nurse is a great career choice for high school graduates because the education required is only a bachelor’s degree, the skill requirements can easily be met, and the projected annual job openings would give an individual no trouble in job hunting. The education required can be an associate’s degree, but a bachelor’s degree will give a person a higher chance in finding a job. With an associate’s degree, an individual will have approximately 38.1% in finding a job. With a bachelor’s degree though, an individual will have a 46% in finding a job. Work experience and on-the-job training is not required for entry level (careeronestop). My career plan is to enter community college for two years(free or not), transfer to UTHSCSA (University of Texas Health and Science Center San Antonio) for another two years, and receive my bachelor’s degree of science in nursing. This is really simple compared to a veterinarian. I won’t be in too much debt and I’ll be able to finish much quicker than a veterinarian would. According to Dr. Lorraine Barbosa, she took about 11 years to finish schooling. It took her not only time to finish, but also her free-time. She would spend her free-time doing inter nships and a variety of programs (truetometoo). Some of the skills required are the following: perform medical procedures, assist, assess, document/record information, communicate, organize/plan, establishing relationships(careeronestop). Some of these skills such as communication are skills that every career should require. I feel that I have well-developed communication skills. Some of the other skills like assessing and assisting can be done easily and efficiently. The projected annual openings for a registered nurse is 19% in the US and 28% in Texas (where I will be living after high school). Job opportunities are offered in many places Registered nurse is a very flexible career choice. Registered Nurse is the ideal career option for high school graduates who want a job that pays well for only a bachelor’s degree, require a beginner’s skillset, and is flexible in location. I am set on attaining a BSN. Register nurse seems like the best option for me so far. I have not found another career that fits my personality and aptitude so well.

Food Allergy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Food Allergy - Essay Example It is estimated that one child in every 14 children has at least one form of food allergy. The most common forms of food that most children are allergic to include: milk, eggs, soya, and wheat. Many children, however, outgrow this forms of allergy and by the time they go to school they go to school they are not allergic to foods that they were allergic to before. Skin-prick tests: this form of food allergy test provides results in about 20 minutes. This form of food allergy test involves placing of a liquid containing a small amount of the food allergen on the skin of one’s arm or back. The skin is then pricked, allowing the allergen to seep under the skin. The test is considered positive if a wheel (resembling a bump from a mosquito bite) develops where the allergen was placed. Blood tests: this form of testing of food allergy aims to measure the presence of IgE (immunoglobulin E) antibodies to specific foods. IgE is the antibody that triggers food allergy symptoms. Blood tests aims at detecting the food-specific IgE. The blood tests take several days to yield results. Oral Food Challenge. This form of food allergy test is considered highly accurate. The oral food challenge test consist of the allergist feeding the patient with the suspect food in measured doses so as to find out whether or not the patient will develop symptoms for food allergy. If the patient shows symptoms after the test, the test will be positive, and if the patient shows no symptoms the test will be considered negative. Food Elimination Diet: in this form of food testing, the doctor asks the patient to temporarily abstain from suspect foods for a period of two to four weeks. If the suspect foods were the ones causing the allergy, the patient will exhibit no symptoms, but if the eliminated, suspect foods, were not the ones responsible for the allergy the patient will still exhibit symptoms of food allergy. Treatments of Food

Famous theatrical person Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Famous theatrical person - Essay Example His first film role was in 1939, so he had a good decade of stage work to his credit before that first film role. Olivier was tall, dark, and handsome; all of the ingredients that attracted women to him throughout his stage and acting career. He was incredibly talented, and took on roles that challenged his range of abilities, such as that very early experience of playing the female lead in The Taming of the Shrew. Shakespeare was a vehicle for his stage career, and it was only natural that it overflowed into his film career. â€Å"He directed and starred in a film adaptation of Shakespeare’s Henry V, a role that earned him his first Academy Award (online 2011).† But he was devoted to the theatre, and spent a lot of money that he earned making films to revive and reinvigorate interest in theatre stage productions (online 2011). In 1963, â€Å"he became producer-director of the National Theatre Company, to raise money for this company, he accepted virtually all movie ro les offered to him, from the 1960s-1970s he appeared in over 30 films (online 2011).† One can only imagine Olivier’s love for theatre, but it was a devotion that stayed with him throughout his life.

For the following speech topics Essay Example for Free

For the following speech topics Essay When I was in high school I had a set of very popular friends. I called them my friends because they were the ones I go with from the time I arrive in school, until recess, until the time we go back home. They are picked up by cars, and I would hitch with them. All the while, their popularity gave me the notion that I am popular too. In return, I made their assignments and finished our group projects all by myself. It took a year before I realized that friendship is not about being with a popular circle. Friendship is so much more. B. (For old people) Like wines, we have been aged into perfection. Today, as we gather, we remember the friendships that we have had and in the same way we can name some which have been perfected by time. These friendships are those which stood challenges; those which remained loyal and truthful despite all else being a failure. In remembering these friendships, we also remember those beautiful friends behind them. Topic: Investment A. (For students) I have always been a businessman. I had my very first investment when I was seven. I badly wanted a yo-yo but my parents would not buy me one. So, I asked my teenage neighbor if he would like to trade one of his yo-yo with my roller skates. It was clumsy, and it sure lost me a lot, and that was my very first experience of investing. B. (For businessmen) Benjamin Franklin said that â€Å"an investment in knowledge pays the best interest†. I agree. However, I would also say that making good investments and making the right choices pays even more—and the interest are in dollars too! Ladies and gentlemen, investing is tricky and it needs some education, but also it needs action. Otherwise, those investments are dreams waiting to be realized. Topic: Recycling A. (Students) In 2001, more than 400,000,000 tons of wastes have been generated by municipalities throughout the country. This is a whopping 26,000,000-ton increase. Out of this, only 32% has been recycled. What happened to the other 68%? How are we managing the non-recyclable wastes? Is the management effective and efficient? These are what we are discussing today. B. (Kids) Did you know that you can make your own toy out of a milk carton? You can also create artworks and masterpieces using egg shells and empty bottles. We might think that these things are already trash, but actually we can still use them to make new things. This is what we call recycling. TOPIC: Credit Card Debt A. (For students) Let’s face it. Owning a credit card is like a shopper’s heaven. You buy something, swipe the card, and go home happy. You got something and your cash is intact—what could be better? But, when the bill comes, credit cards can also prove to be a shopper’s hell. B. (For women) Have you ever wondered why you are always worried? Check your wallets. Studies show that 64% of credit card holders are worried about their debts. Strikingly, women worry more than men. This is something to be worried about. Thus, we came up with some tips to help you with those credit card debts.

Making Them Feel Like a Natural Woman: Constructing Gender Performances on The Maury Povich Show :: Free Essays Online

Making Them Feel Like a Natural Woman: Constructing Gender Performances on The Maury Povich Show Goth teems drenched in black become teeny-bopper darlings in pink dresses and platform sneakers. Male couch potatoes in flannel shirts become debonair gentlemen in tuxedos. Scantily clad women popping out of halter tops and leather mini-skirts become responsible women in business suits and subtle make-up. The make-over is a popular talk show tool used by everyone from Oprah to Jenny Jones. These transformations embody Lancaster's argument in "Guto's Performance" by demonstrating how we are all participating in one big drag show, presenting our gender through our dress, our play. We construct our genders, moment by moment, through our performance, fluidly moving from one to the next. On "Oprah," an over-worked single mom in sweat pants who devotes all her time to working outside the home and raising her children (in a combination of constructed masculine and feminine gender roles) sits slumped in her chair. Soon, lipstick and sequins transform her into a confident, sensual woman, stru tting across the stage ready to take the arm of the handsome, well-dressed man chosen to take her out for an evening on the town (she now takes on a different, more feminine, gender role). But there is underlying tension in Lancaster's argument and make-overs on talk shows. Instead of made-over guests choosing their type of dress and performance, they are usually shuffled into these roles by a team of television producers, make-up artists, stylists, family and friends, and audience members. Often, talk show make-overs reinforce our rigidly constructed ideas of what is "masculine" and "feminine" by highlighting the taboo of stepping out of these roles and re-constructing a person's performance to fit the correct social mold. A recent episode of "The Maury Povitch Show" featured make-overs of women who worked in "manly" professions. There was a tow-truck driver, a car mechanic, a bike messenger, an electrical repairperson, a firefighter, a "pooper-scooper," a zoo-keeper, and a lumberjack. Each of the guests made there entrance dressed in their working clothes, some with appropriate props, strutting to the tune of "She Works Hard for the Money." After each guest had the opportunity to talk about her job, she was whisked away by stylists with makes-up brushes and blow-dryers only to be returned in fancy ball gowns to work the runway for the approving audience, pausing for a brief moment to pose beside their "before" photo.

Identifying and Explaining Physical skills and Physical techniques Essay

Physical Skills * Arm height * Head position * Speed of arm rotations during delivery * Ability to bowl for extended periods of time * Speed of the run up Arm Height Effects of High Actions: * Extra bounce than usual * Extra pace and sometimes bowlers are able to skid the ball too * Extra Balance in the delivery stride * Extra accuracy, if the bowler has a side on action notably. Head Position This shows a delivery side on. The head position of this player is kept facing the target, straight and steady at all times. Focusing on the target will provide the following things: * The delivery will ultimately go where targeted at * No possible injuries to the neck; any sudden jerks will stretch the neck muscles and sometimes will result in strains and tears * It will help in the momentum and balance in the delivery stride Speed of Shoulder Rotations If a player wants to bowl quickly, the main aspects of bowling quickly is 1. The speed of which the shoulder rotates and 2. An explosive action. Shoaib Ahktar, for example, has both of these and bowls with tremendous pace, the rotations of his shoulder allow him to exceed speeds of over 9Omph each delivery. Ability to bowl for extended periods of time In this scorecard of a 1938 Test Match, M G Waite, a single bowler bowls 72 overs. In doing this requires massive Cardiovascular Endurance, Stamina and Motivation. Two other bowlers bowled over 😠¯ between them, but these bowlers were spinners. M G Waite was most likely to be a seam bowler so this type of bowler must be prepared for extensive bowling, including breaks at intervals though. Speed of the run up Fast bowlers such as Dennis Lillie and Michael Holding all ball with outstanding pace and to do this they must have a source: The Run Up. Both these bowlers have unusually long run ups, Dennis Lillie’s at 47 paces and Michael Holding’s at 5O. Cardiovascular Endurance and Stamina play a big part in maintaining there pace and consistency The run up of these bowlers should be Smooth, Balanced, Economical, Rhythmic and Consistent. * Small steps initially; led to larger strides * The body ‘leans’ forward * The arms stay close to the body * The hands remain in motion, carried above the waistband and the within the width of the trunk * The head remains steady, with the eyes fixed on the target.

Educational Attainment in China after 1949 Essay

This essay is about the two readings involving research on educational attainment in China, particularly, the effects of state policies and social origins of people in China who are trying to obtain their education, on particular periods. We will begin by discussing the first research paper by Deng and Treiman. The Treiman paper discussed its intention to gather and analyze data to answer the three hypotheses, namely: 1) Effect on social origin in China as education expands, during the Cultural Revolution; 2) Considerable effect of educational attainment among the bureaucrats of China during the Cultural Revolution; and 3) Considerable effect of educational attainment to men of elitist background as compared to men of military or cadre background, during the Cultural Revolution (Treiman, 413) . The Treiman paper gathered and analyzed its data from a particular period of China’s census returns. The conclusion for the three hypotheses was in the affirmative. During Cultural Revolution, state policies was implemented to foster educational attainment among the youth of working class or peasant background, and has discriminated the youth of elitist background, thus proving the first theory true (Treiman, 424) . It should also follow the second theory as true as the data showed a decline of educational attainment among the elitist, and an increase of educational attainment among the peasants (Treiman, 424) . Incidentally, the data also showed that even the decline affects both elitist and cadres or with military background, much impact was felt by the elitist rather than the cadre, thus proving the third theory true (Treiman, 425) . In the second research, Zhou, Moen and Tuma measured the effects of educational attainment based on social origin on a more stretched period as compared to the Treiman paper. The Tuma paper explored four historical periods: The Great Leap Forward, Destratification Policies, Cultural Revolution and Post-Mao Era. The Tuma paper further made use of interviewing respondents on particular cities for its data and to prove their hypothesis that socio-economic status was not a factor in attaining education, rather, political status dictated educational attainment during those four periods (Tuma, 201) . The results of the data showed the same as that of the results discussed with the Treiman paper. However, it does not particularly established its theory as true since the data results were varied, having educational attainment effects on all three classes in all historical periods (Tuma, 217) . The two papers indeed came with the same data results, that there are effects on educational attainment based on social origins. The papers differ in such ways as using specific topics. The Treiman paper was clear in its intention to answer its theories because its theories were more specific than the theory used by the Tuma paper. Treiman paper likewise used a specific Era, while the Tuma paper explored four periods, which could be quite confusing. Further, aside from using social origin as basis of the research, the Tuma paper dwelled on other basis such as gender inequality and geographical location, thus creating more confusion.

Magnetism Science Fair Project Ideas and Demonstrations

Magnetism Science Fair Project Ideas and Demonstrations Do you like magnets? Science fair projects can examine magnetism or electromagnets. Here are some magnetism science fair project ideas. Magnetism Science Fair Project Ideas Make your own ferrofluid or liquid magnets.Is plant growth affected by the presence of an electromagnetic field?Is seed germination affected by a magnetic field?Do magnetic fields have an effect on eremosphaera algae cells?What is the strength of a manmade magnetic field given off by a computer? overhead power lines? wall current? etc.Build a sensor to detect the presence of a magnetic field.Can you detect any effect from a prolonged magnetic field on an organism? Examples might include fruit flies, mice, plants, daphnia, etc.Can you demonstrate the steelhead trout can detect magnetic fields? How would you test other organisms for the ability to sense a magnetic field?Is the orientation of bird embryos (e.g., chicks in eggs) affected by the orientation of a magnetic field?If you change magnetic field orientation, does it produce an effect on an organism? Examples might include mealworms, fruit flies, planaria, etc. More Science Fair Project Ideas

HRM and the External Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

HRM and the External Environment - Essay Example Markets have expanded rapidly, transcending all boundaries and going beyond a local and even a national scale, to a more global level. Furthermore, technological advances have also greatly influenced and shaped the socioeconomic sphere today. That is to say, market expansion and technological progress have made the economy a much more challenging one today. For example, now, it is much harder to keep track of the latest fashions and trends because the producer does not directly know the consumer, and hence cannot gauge the consumer’s latest tastes or feelings towards a product (Houseman, pp. 149-170, 2001). Moreover, since there are many indirect links in marketing today, the ‘loyalty’ factor that was characteristic of a buyer-seller relationship and that used to work heavily in favour of some suppliers is no longer there, and there is an increased pressure on the companies to do well to keep their consumers satisfied. Now, there is a much greater pressure on firm s than before to deliver, in that there is increased competition and to thrive – or even survive – in their fields, firms must not only perform well, but also perform better than their competitors perform. Furthermore, trends have also changed greatly as new tastes and fashions grip society, and consumers’ demands are constantly altering, forcing businesses to adapt to them and provide products and services that fit their latest needs and demands (Houseman, pp. 149-170, 2001). Overall, in an economic environment where competition is paramount, consumer satisfaction is of the utmost importance to a business’s returns and so, to keep up with this pace, businesses must cater to new demands, and adapt to cost-cutting and more productive strategies to maximize status and profit. Naturally, to keep abreast of this faster moving market, businesses have had to address their strategies and alter their policies. These changes include an assessment of the production process, evaluation of employees, research etc., but one of the biggest changes made to the structure of the businesses has been to promote and increase greater flexibility in the workplace (Houseman, pp. 149-170, 2001). Workforce flexibility refers to â€Å"an organisation’s ability to adapt its human resources in a manner appropriate to increasingly changing environmental conditions† (Houseman, pp. 149-170, 2001). This approach allows a business to allocate tasks based on which jobs on an agenda require the most attention, for example, deciding the product that requires more work forces at a certain time. In addition, more work forces can come under hiring if demand calls. This is a very efficient strategy as unforeseen human resources staffing needs can be met without any significant loss to the business, and at the same time, workers earn more in terms of skills and training in other areas of their work as well. Need for an organisational restructure may come abou t due to a sudden increase in demand, or a certain, unexpected problem in the production line. For example, during a slow hour, cashiers could be used to help stock shelves, this is efficient because no workers are left idle, and a faster way to marketing can be approached (Wood, pp. 367-413, 1999). At other times, for example, if the supermarket is very busy and has a massive in-flow of customers, workers that were,

Healthcare Workforce Shortage in Hospice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Healthcare Workforce Shortage in Hospice - Essay Example And there is an estimation that in the coming years it will increase at a rate of 31% per annum. In terms of patients the number is increasing daily, but the one who has take care of them like Doctors and the Hospital staff is decreasing day by day. More and more people are opting subjects that are not related to medical stream. Thus increasing the gap and resulting in the shortage of skilled medical staff. One feels that the job is very stressful and needs to put his/her concentration on the job completely. A slight negligence could be result a very serious situation. So some people think its better to lose a job in other sector than in Hospice because in latter you may lose job and endanger a patient's life for negligence. So you are accountable for every patient you are assigned to. The scholarships awarded by the Universities are not enough and the recruitment is very limited. No one is going to recruit a medical student until and unless he/she has some experience. So students end up as interns or junior doctors while pursuing their Masters that is a very essential degree, without it no one is going to consider them for a job. So it's again work and work nothing but work, then how come an average person want to join in a medical stream. This is one of the reasons that affecting the organizations like Hospice. According to Center for Health Work